The Managed Heart
Commercialization of Human Feeling

In private life, we try to induce or suppress love, envy, and anger through deep acting or emotion work, just as we manage our outer expressions of feeling through surface acting. This title examines two groups of public-contact workers: flight attendants and bill collectors.

Between these extremes, roughly one-third of American men and one-half of American women hold jobs that call for substantial emotional labor. In many of these jobs, they are trained to accept feeling rules and techniques of emotion management that serve the company's commercial purpose. Just as we have seldom recognized or understood emotional labor, we have not appreciated its cost to those who do it for a living. Like a physical laborer who becomes estranged from what he or she makes, an emotional laborer, such as a flight attendant, can become estranged not only from her own expressions of feeling (her smile is not "her" smile), but also from what she actually feels (her managed friendliness). This estrangement, though a valuable defense against stress, is also an important occupational hazard, because it is through our feelings that we are connected with those around us. On the basis of this book, Hochschild was featured in Key Sociological Thinkers, edited by Rob Stones. This book was also the winner of the Charles Cooley Award in 1983, awarded by the American Sociological Association and received an honorable mention for the C. Wright Mills Award.

Preface to the 2012 Edition Preface to the First Edition Acknowledgments
Part One/Private Life 1. Exploring the Managed Heart 2. Feeling as Clue 3. Managing Feeling 4. Feeling Rules 5. Paying Respects with Feeling: The Gift Exchange
Part Two/Public Life 6. Feeling Management: From Private to Commercial Uses 7. Between the Toe and the Heel: Jobs and Emotional Labor 8. Gender, Status, and Feeling 9. The Search for Authenticity
Afterword to the Twentieth Anniversary Edition
Appendixes A. Models of Emotion: From Darwin to Goffman B. Naming Feeling C. Jobs and Emotional Labor D. Positional and Personal Control Systems
Notes Bibliography to the Twentieth Anniversary Edition Bibliography Index