Terrorist Financing, Money Laundering and Tax Evasion
Examining the Performance of Financial Intelligence Units

Using the Balanced Scorecard method for assessment, this book explores the effectiveness of a government's financial intelligence units in combating terrorist financing. It explores the large-scale misuse of funds to commit financial crimes, describes how easy it is for criminals, and reviews the inter-jurisdictional problems involved.

Using the Balanced Scorecard method for assessment, this book explores the effectiveness of a government's financial intelligence units in combating terrorist financing. It explores the large-scale misuse of funds to commit financial crimes, describes how easy it is for criminals, and reviews the inter-jurisdictional problems involved. Contributions from politicians, government policy analysts, auditors, regulators, police officers, lawyers, bankers, and academics provide various perspectives. Case studies demonstrate innovative solutions and crime fighting strategies. Although focused on the U.S., Canada, Australia, The European Union, the UK, Spain, and Holland, the strategies apply to all countries.

The Organization of Terrorism and the Reorganization of Intelligence
The Roots of Religion-Based Terrorism
The Middle East
The United States of America
The Indian Subcontinent
Northern Ireland
South America
Recent Developments in Counterterrorism
Legislation and Surveillance
Law Enforcement
Intelligence Reform
The Next Steps in Intelligence Reform
Balancing Counterterrorism Action with Civil Liberties
Cross-Training Intelligence Personnel to Enhance Coordination
Providing Incentives for Cooperation and Disincentives for Failure
How Financial Crime Is Committed: The Source of Funds
Terrorist Financing
State Sponsors
Individual/Corporate Contributors
Nonprofit Organizations
Government Programs
Illegal Sources
Money Laundering
Tax Evasion/Fraud
Stopping Terrorist Funding: Laws, Directives, and Multilateral Agreements
How Financial Crime Is Committed: The Transfer of Funds
Financial Institutions
Wire Transfers
Financial Instruments--Securities
Insurance
Informal Fund Transfer (IFT) System
Charity
Commodities
International Trade
Offshore Tax Havens and Financial Centers
Alternative Remittance Systems (ARS)
Stored-Value Cards
The Internet and Digital Currency
Cash Couriers/Smugglers
Casinos
Real Estate
Performance Measurement, Risk Management, and Managing Performance Using the Balanced Scorecard
A Primer on Performance Measurement
The Role of Performance Measurement in Countering Terrorism and Terrorist Financing
Risk Management
A Derivative of the Balanced Scorecard
Performance Management of Financial Intelligence Units
Introductory Questions
Questions Based on the Balanced Scorecard Approaches
General Questions
Comparative Question
Technical Question
An International Focus on the Fight against Financial Crime The European Union
Spain
United Kingdom
The Netherlands
North America
The United States of America
Canada
Asia and the Pacific
Australia
India
Latin America and the Caribbean
Latin America
The Caribbean
The Middle East and Africa
The Middle East and North Africa (MENA)
The Rest of Africa
Financial Intelligence Units: Monitoring Resource and Process Outcomes
Resources
Technology
Manpower Financial Resources and the Return on Investment
Work Processes
Strengthening Stakeholder Relations Tightening Work Protocols
How to Better the End Outcome of the Fight against Financial Crime
Survey Results
The United States as a Terrorist Target
Process and Resource Outcomes Are Vital to Financial Intelligence Agency Performance
Metrics Used to Track Performance Must Be Definitive
Current Challenges Facing FIUs
Overcoming Administrative Impediments
Increasing Communication
Determining Direction for the Future
A Final Word
Index