This study, by a multinational team, examines the interplay between organised interests, member governments, and the European institutions, and argues that emerging patterns of European governance are starting to produce some policy outcomes that are different from those generated in national settings.

Who really participates in the European policy process? Do organized outsiders have a clear advantage in gaining access to decision-making? If so, with what consequences? This study, based on a range of case studies of regulatory and industrial policies by a multinational team of authors, argues that the European policy process provides access points for a wide variety of interests -- firms, national trade associations, European sectoral and peak associations, clubs of big business, and 'civic' interests -- alongside the battalions of officials from the member states. The interplay between these organized interests, the member governments, and the European institutions, fostered partly by the Commission in its roles of policy initiator and arbitrator, but anticipated also in the bargaining process of the Council of Ministers, produces some policy outcomes that are different from those in national settings. In particular, the case for liberalization and privatization is often strengthened. The emerging patterns of European governance are thus starting to change the characteristics of the European political economy.

Introductory Foreword
1. Introduction
2. The Growth and Differentiation of Multi-Level Networks: A Corporatist Mega-Bureaucracy or an Open City?
3. Organized Interests in European Integration: The Evolution of a New Type of Governance
4. Making and Enforcing Regulatory Policy in the Single Market
5. The Commission as an Actor: An Anthropologist's View
6. Organizing Industrial Coalitions: A Challenge for the Future?
7. The Interplay of Corporate, National, and European Interests
8. The Changing Dynamic of EU-Industry Relations: Lessons from the Liberalization of European Car and Airline Markets
9. Big Firms as Political Actors: Corporate Power and the Governance of the European Consumer Electronics Industry
10. Consumption without Representation? Consumers in the Single Market
11. The Kaleidoscope of European Policy-Making: Shifting Patterns of Participation and Influence