Documents the personal and collective responses of Chinese migrants and refugees to the prejudice and discrimination they have experienced. This book uses case studies of Chinese communities in Canada and explores the different defence mechanisms Chinese migrants have created to escape the systemic and institutionalized discrimination they face.

Incorporating research carried out over the last twenty years, this book documents the personal and collective responses of Chinese migrants and refugees to the prejudice and discrimination they have experienced. Using case studies of Chinese communities in Canada, Chan explores the different defence mechanisms Chinese migrants have created in order to escape the systemic and institutionalized discrimination they face. In particular, the book analyzes Chinese entrepreneurship arguing that it is a collective response to blocked opportunities in host societies. Drawing upon empirical and theoretical literature on the sociology of race and ethnic relations, the book stresses the variety in Chinese culture and its ability to exploit an emergent ethnicity as individuals, groups and communities.

Introduction
1
Coping with racism in Canada
2
Ethnic stereotypes in the Canadian media
3
Ethnic space, displacement and forced relocation
4
Coping with aging and managing identity
5
Racial discrimination and social response
6
Unemployment, social support and coping
7
Adaptation of refugees: Problems and dilemmas
8
Voluntary associations and ethnic boundaries
9
The many faces of immigrant business
10
Ethnic resources, opportunity structure and coping strategies
11
State, economy, culture, and business networks
12
Ethnic capitalism: myths and misperceptions
13
Singaporeans doing business in China
End Notes
Bibliography