Exploited Earth
Britain's Aid and the Environment

How do 'types' of aid differ? Why are there different kinds? When is one more appropriate than another? How can you tell 'good' aid from 'bad'? Examining Britain's aid policy and practice, paying particular attention to its effects on the worlds forests, this book describes the history of the different forms of aid and their effects.

How do 'types' of aid differ? Why are there different kinds? When is one more appropriate than another? How can you tell 'good' aid from 'bad'? Friends of the Earth commissioned Teresa Hayter, author of "Aid as Imperialism" and "Aid: Rhetoric and Reality", to examine Britain's aid policy and practice, paying particular attention to its effects on the worlds forests. In this book she describes the history of the different forms of aid and their effects. On behalf of one of the West's most effective environmental lobbies, "Exploited Earth" show how and why British aid needs to change. It was originally published in 1989.

Preface
Acronyms
1. Pressures on Forests
Expropriation
The International Division of Labour
Debt
Population is not the Problem
Forests and the Poor
2. Aid
The Nature of the Phenomenon
Aid as Commercial Subsidy
Quantities, Types and Channels
Geographical Allocation
Conditionality
'Poverty-focused' Aid
Aid and the Environment
3. British Aid
Volume and Composition
Geographical Allocation
Administration
Procedures
Policies
Aid to Creditors
Aid to British Industry
Aid to the Poorest
Aid and the Environment
Forests
Projects For and Against Forests, Trees and the Poor
Conclusions
4. European Community Aid
5. French Aid
The Sahel
Tropical Rainforests
Other Forest Projects
Summary and Proposals
Proposals
Support for Progressive Governments
An End to Conditionality
An International Convention?
Stopping Bad Projects
Disclosure of Information
Commercial Subsidies
The Volume of Aid
Poverty-focused and Environment-focused Projects
Non-government Organisations (NGOs)
Research and Training
Structural Adjustment Lending
Debt
Selected Sources and Bibliography
Index