Chemicals in the Environment
Fate, Impacts and Remediation

This text is devoted to the broad review of metals and organic compounds in the environment. The volume focuses on three main aspects: fate and transport in soil, sediment, water and air; resulting environmental impacts in the environment; and remediation methodologies and applications.

Chemicals in the Environment: Fate, Impacts, and Remediation is devoted to the broad review of metals and organic compounds in the environment. The volume focuses on three main aspects of chemicals in the environment: 1) fate and transport in soil, sediment, water and air; 2) resulting environmental impacts in the environment, wildlife, and humans, and 3) remediation methodologies and applications. An introductory chapter examines the history of metals and organic chemicals in the environment, exposure to these chemicals through food, air and water, identification of chemical hazards, process and scope of ecological impairment, fate and transport modeling, impacts and monitoring, and remediation methods.

Preface
1. Chemicals in the Environment: An Overview
PART 1: FATE AND TRANSPORT IN SOIL/SEDIMENT, WATER, AND AIR
2. Theoretical Evaluation of the Interfacial Area between Two fluids in a Model Soil
3. A Historical Perspective of Natural Attenuation Processes in the Subsurface Environment
4. The Speciation of Phosphonate Chelating Agents in Aqueous Media
5. Effects of Soil/Sediment Organic Matter on the Mineralization, Desorption, Sequestration, and Transformation of Phenanthrene
6. Reductive Transformation of Halogenated Aliphatic Pollutants by Iron Sulfide
7. Non-particle Resuspension Chemical transport from Stream Beds
8. Development of the Speciation-Based Metal Exposure and Transformation Assessment Model (META4): Application to Copper and Zinc Problems in the Alamosa River, Colorado
9. Transport and Transformation Processes
10. Assessing Atrazine Input and Removal Processes in the Chesapeake Bay Environment
11. The Urban Atmosphere: An Important Source of Trace Metals to nearby Waters?
12. Speciation and Distribution of Atmospheric Mercury over the Northern Chesapeake Bay
13. Atmospheric and Fluvial Sources of Trace Elements to the Delaware Inland Bays
PART 2: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MONITORING
14. Development and Application of Equilibrium Partitioning Sediment Guidelines (ESGs) in the Assessment of Sediment PAH Contamination
15. Small Volume Sampling and GC/MS Analysis for PAH Concentrations in Water above Contaminated Sediments
16. Highly Sensitive Assay for Anticholinesterase Compounds Using 96 Well Plate Format
17. Temporal and Spatial Variation in Monitoring of Ambient Urban Pollutants
18. Trophic Transport of Metals in Birds
19. Genetic Diversity Provides a Useful Measure of Environmental Impacts
20. Plant Biomonitors: Pollution, Dandelions, and Mutation Rates
21. Molecular Indentification of Chironomid Species
PART 3: REMEDIATION
22. Integrating Site Characterization with Aquifer and Soil Remediation Design
23. Mechanisms Controlling Halocarbon Reduction Rates by Zero Valent Iron
24. Heavy Metal Removal Using Bacteria Displaying Synthetic Phytochelatins
25. Solvated Electron (Na/NH3) Dechlorination of Model Compounds and Remediation of PCB- and CAH-Contaminated Wet Solids
26. Electrochemical Dechlorination of Trichloroethylene Using Granular-Graphite Electrodes
27. Influence of Nonionic Surfactants on the Bioavailability of Hexachlorobenzene fo Microbial Reductive Dechlorination