Biological Effects of Low Level Exposures
Dose-response Relationships

Biological Effects of Low-Level Exposures, more commonly referred to as BELLE, began as a conference in May 1990. While BELLE promotes the scientific understanding of low-level effects, its primary goal is the scientific evaluation of existing literature and ways to improve research and assessment methods.

Biological Effects of Low-Level Exposures, more commonly referred to as BELLE, began as a conference in May 1990. Its members are committed to the enhanced understanding of low-dose responses of all types to human exposures to chemical and physical agents, whether of an expected or paradoxical nature. The focus of BELLE encompasses dose-response relationships to toxic agents, pharmaceuticals, and natural products over wide dosage ranges in both in vitro systems and in vivo systems, including human populations. While BELLE promotes the scientific understanding of low-level effects, its primary goal is the scientific evaluation of existing literature and ways to improve research and assessment methods.

Historical, Philosophical, Conceptual Foundations of BELLE Research Changing Scientific Paradigms, K.F. Schaffner A Brief History and Critique of the Low Dose Effects Paradigm, L. Sagan Primer on BELLE, E.J. Calabrese Commentary on Changing Paradigms: Consistencies and Inconsistencies of Changes in Molecular to Biological Events During Malignant Progression in Transformed Human Cells, G.E. Milo Biological Effects of Low Level Exposure to Chemicals Nonmonotonic Dose-Response Relationships in Toxicological Studies, J.M. Davis and D.J. Svendsgaard Biostatistical Approaches to Low Level Exposures, D.W. Gaylor Responses in Humans to Low Level Exposures, R.R. Cook Cellular and Molecular Foundations of Hormetic Mechanisms, H.M. Mehendale Modulation of Toxicity by Diet: Implications for Response at Low Level Exposures, A. Turutrro and R. Hart Biological Effects of Low Level Exposure to Radiation What Can be Learned from Epidemiologic Studies of Persons Exposed to Low Doses of Radiation? E.S. Gilbert Positive Health Effects of Low Level Radiation in Human Populations, M. Pollycove Test of the Linear-No Threshold Theory of Radiation Carcinogenesis, B.L. Cohen Bayesian Estimation of Incidence Change-Points in Low Dose Experimental and Epidemiologic Studies, B.A. Carnes Radiation-Induced Carcinogenesis: Paradigm Considerations, J.E. Trosko Stress Proteins and Radiation, J. Smith-Sonneborn Adaptive Responses After Exposure to Low Dose Radiation, C.K. Hill and T. Godfrey BELLE Conference Perspectives and Summary Synopsis of the BELLE Conference on Chemicals and Radiation, J.D. Graham New Perspectives on Dose-Response Relationships and Low Level Exposures, J. Higginson BELLE Conference: A Summary, L. Sagan Appendix: What is BELLE? Where is BELLE and Who Sponsors It? List of Acronyms and Abbreviations List of Contributors Index