Since the end of the Second World War, economic assistance has turned into the extremely important instrument of regulating international relations. At the times of serious international political and military crises, foreign aid can change its destination from economic development to security goals.

Since the end of the Second World War, economic assistance has turned into the extremely important instrument of regulating international relations. However, the significance of foreign aid becomes even greater for the periods of restructuring the system of international economic relations, when it is necessary to overcome nationalistic barriers in order to influence the character and direction of recipients' economic development. At the times of serious international political and military crises, foreign aid can change its destination from economic development to security goals. During Eisenhower's presidency the struggle between these two tendencies, which were formulated in the so-called 'development assistance' and 'mutual security' doctrines, was waged particularly aggressively and uncompromisingly, since the control over foreign aid allowed any party to direct, to a considerable degree, the entire world order building process.

Abbreviations
Introduction
From MSA to FOA
The First Line of Defense
Changing the Course
The "Marshall Plan for Asia": Ideas and Strategy
Fighting for the Plan
From FOA to ICA: Ruining the Plan
Resisting the Tide: Traditionalists' Rise and Failure
In the Middle of the Turn: Gaining Momentum (1956)
ICA under John Hollister (1955-1956)
Completing the Turn: Economic Rollback?
Winning ICA: Progressives' First Prize
MSP 1958: Looking for Balance
James Smith: Solder and Director
Development Assistance and "Balanced" Approach"
Eisenhower and Radicals: Yielding the Way
ICA under James Riddleberger (1959-1960)
John Kennedy and "New Horizons" in Aid
Summary and Conclusions.