The aim of this book is to provide surgeons with a source of reference for the use of alternative conduits and surgical coronary revascularization methods. A discussion of the standard bypass conduits is presented, in addition to a discussion of the alternative venous and arterial bypass conduits.

Cardiovascular surgeons are being challenged by ever-increasing numbers of patients with deficient quantity, or poor quality, of conduit available for surgical coronary revascularizations. As a result, the surgeon must use alternative conduits and/or methods to provide a safe and effective coronary revascularization procedure. The aim of this book is to assist the surgeon with these less-than-ideal conditions and provide the new and/or clinically active surgeon with a source of reference for the use of alternative conduits and surgical coronary revascularization methods. A discussion of the standard bypass conduits (internal mammary artery and the greater saphenous vein) is presented in addition to a discussion of the alternative venous and arterial bypass conduits. The internal mammary artery and the saphenous vein as alternative bypass conduits are also presented in detail. In the final sections, nonconduit revascularization techniques and artificial grafts are discussed.

Preface
R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida
Part I: The Standard Conduits
1. The Internal Mammary Artery
R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida
2. The Greater Saphenous Vein
R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida
Part II: Alternative Venous Bypass Conduits
3. The Lesser Saphenous Vein
R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida
4. The Arm Vein
R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida
5. The Homologous Veins
R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida
Part III: Alternative Arterial Bypass Conduits
6. The Right Gastroepiploic Artery Graft
H. Suma
7. The Inferior Epigastric Artery
C. Everson, N. Mills
8. The Radial Artery
R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida
9. The Splenic Artery
R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida
10. The Subclavian Artery
R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida
11. The Lateral Costal Artery
R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida
Part IV: Alternative Bypass Methods Using the Internal Mammary Artery
12. Bilateral Internal Mammary Artery Usage
R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida
13. Sequential Internal Mammary Artery Grafting
R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida
14. The Internal Mammary Artery Free Graft
R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida
15. The Composite Graft
R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida
16. Coronary Bypass Using the Inverted Internal Mammary Artery
R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida
Part V: Alternative Bypass Methods Using the Saphenous Vein
17. Sequential Vein Grafting
R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida
18. The Innominate Artery-Coronary Artery Venous Bypass
R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida
19. The Sublclavian Artery-Coronary Artery Venous Bypass
R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida
20. The Coronary-Coronary Bypass Graft
R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida
21. The Selective Retrograde Coronary Venous Bypass
R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida
22. Sequential Vein Coronary Artery Grafting With A Surgical Atrial Fistula
H. Nishida, M. Endo, H. Koyanagi, R.K. Grooters
Part VI: Nonconduit Revascularization Techniques
23. Patching Techniques for Coronary Artery Revascularization
R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida
24. Extensive Coronary Artery Endarterectomy
P. Pedraza
25. Operative Transluminal Coronary Artery Angioplasty
M. Endo
26. Operative Transluminal Laser Coronary Artery Angioplasty
M. Endo
Part VII: Artificial Grafts in the Coronary Position
27. The Past, Present, and Future of Small Diameter Grafts
J.D. Gates, K.C. Kent