After Herder
Philosophy of Language in the German Tradition

Michael Forster explores the historical roots of philosophy of language, which he traces to German thinkers of the 18th century, among whom J. G. Herder is the key figure. Herder established fundamental principles concerning thought, meaning, and language, founded the disciplines of anthropology and linguistics, and has much still to teach us.

Philosophy of language has for some time now been the very core of the discipline of philosophy. But where did it begin? Frege has sometimes been identified as its father, but in fact its origins lie much further back, in a tradition that arose in eighteenth-century Germany. Michael Forster explores that tradition. He also makes a case that the most important thinker within that tradition was J. G. Herder. It was Herder who established such fundamental principles in the philosophy of language as that thought essentially depends on language and that meaning consists in the usage of words. It was he who on that basis revolutionized the theory of interpretation ("hermeneutics") and the theory of translation. And it was he who played the pivotal role in founding such whole new disciplines concerned with language as anthropology and linguistics. In the course of developing these historical points, this book also shows that Herder and his tradition are in many ways superior to dominant trends in more recent philosophy of language: deeper in their principles and broader in their focus.

Acknowledgments
Introduction
PART I: HERDER
1. Johann Gottfried Herder
2.
Herder's Philosophy of Language, Interpretation, and Translation: Three Fundamental Principles
3. Gods, Animals, and Artists: Some Problem Cases in Herder's Philosophy of Language
4. Herder's Importance as a Philosopher
5. Herder on Genre
6. Herder and the Birth of Modern Anthropology
7. The Liberal Temper in Classical German Philosophy: Freedom of Thought and Expression
PART II: HAMANN
8. Johann Georg Hamann
9. Hamann's Seminal Importance for the Philosophy of Language?
PART III: SCHLEIERMACHER
10. Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher
11. Schleiermacher's Hermeneutics: Some Problems and Solutions
12. Herder, Schleiermacher, and the Birth of Foreignizing Translation
Select Bibliography