This reference book is the third in a series of five volumes presenting a concise treatise on problems and final results of modern studies of earth and planetary materials in their most sophisticated aspects. It is encyclopedic in its coverage of subjects, which include the systematic description of all areas of mineral matter studies corresponding to the actual capabilities and needs of science and industry. This third volume, with contributions from 200 top specialists from all over the world, contains chapters on Mineral Matter in Space, Mineralogy of the Mantle and Core, Mineralogy of the Ocean Floor, Biomineralization, Environmental Mineralogy, Radiation Mineralogy, and Gemology and Jewelry.