This reference provides a broad comparison of access and exposure in open and minimal access surgery that bridges the gap between conventional and laparoscopic techniques while analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of both.

This book provides: (1) a broad-based comparison of access and exposure in open surgery and a variety of minimal access alternatives; (2) a critical appraisal of the advantages, disadvantages, and potential complications of each method; and (3) an overview of the state of the art in minimal access surgery-gasless laparoscopy and examination of prospective new directions in access and exposure techniques, three-dimensional imaging technologies, virtual reality, and more.

Overview of Abdominal Access (E. Tsoi &
C. Organ).
Surgical Incisions (G. Peskin &
C. Organ).
Techniques of CO 2 Pneumoperitoneum (V. Henderson).
Low Pressure Pneumoperitoneum (D. Brams, et al.).
Alternatives to CO 2 Pneumoperitoneum (B. Organ &
S. Walia).
Complications of CO 2 Pneumoperitoneum (D. Vogt, et al.).
Subcutaneous Lift System (SCLS) for Laparoscopic Surgery (H. Nagai).
Planar Lifting in Laparoscopic Surgery (A. Chin &
F. Moll).
Laparoscopic Procedures Using the Planar--Lifting Technique (E. Tsoi).
Pros and Cons of Gasless Laparoscopy (E. Tsoi).
Future Considerations (E. Tsoi &
C. Organ).
Index.