3d CAD

Demonstrates how to record 3D scenarios to improve insight into overlapping constructions. This book presents preliminary solutions for issues related to efficient methods for 3D data collection, 3D data structuring and modeling, organization of 2D and 3D objects in one environment, 3D database creation and 3D analyzing.

The increase in private property value, growth of underground and multilevel development, and the emergence of 3D technologies in planning and GIS drives the need to record 3D situations in cadastral registration. "3D Cadastre in an International Context: Legal, Organizational, and Technological Aspects" demonstrates how to record 3D scenarios in order to improve insight into overlapping constructions. This book emphasizes the technical aspects of cadastral registration, focusing on four main topics: context (in which 3D situations in seven countries are studied); the framework for modeling 2D and 3D situations; models for a 3D cadastre; and realization of a 3D cadastre. The book presents preliminary solutions for issues related to efficient methods for 3D data collection, 3D data structuring and modeling, organization of 2D and 3D objects in one environment, 3D database creation and 3D analyzing.

ANALYSIS OF THE BACKGROUND Scope of a 3D Cadastre Elementary Cadastral Model
Types of Cadastral Registrations 3D Cadastral Recordings and Private Law
3D Cadastral Recordings and Public Law Conclusions
3D RECORDINGS IN CURRENT CADASTRAL REGISTRATIONS
The Netherlands
Norway
Sweden
Queensland, Australia
British Columbia, Canada The United States
Argentina
Conclusions
NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR A 3D CADASTRE
Current Cadastral Registrations and 3D Basic Needs for a 3D Cadastre
Opportunities for a 3D Cadastre 3D Applications outside the Cadastral Domain Conclusions
FRAMEWORK FOR MODELING 2D AND 3D SITUATIONS
Theory of Spatial Data Modeling
Data Models Conceptual Model
Logical Model Physical Model
UML
Spatial Data Modeling and DBMS Standardization Initiatives Conclusions
GEO-DBMSS
Geometrical Primitives in DBMSs
Topological Structure in DBMSs Spatial Analyses in DBMSs Implementation of a 3D Geometrical Primitive in a DBMS Conclusions
3D GIS AND ACCESSING A 3D GEO-DBMS WITH FRONT ENDS
3D GIS
Accessing a geo-DBMS with a CAD Front End
Accessing a geo-DBMS with a GIS Front End
Accessing a geo-DBMS Using Web Technology
Conclusions
INTEGRATING 2D PARCELS AND 3D OBJECTS IN ONE ENVIRONMENT Absolute or Relative Coordinates
Introduction of a Case Study
Integrated TINs of Point Heights and Parcels
Analyzing and Querying Parcel Surfaces
Generalization of the Integrated TIN
Generalization Prototype Conclusions
MODELS FOR A 3D CADASTRE Conceptual Model for a 3D Cadastre
Introduction of Possible Solutions
A 2D Cadastre with 3D Tags
Hybrid Approach
Full 3D Cadastre Evaluating the Conceptual Models
Conclusions
LOGICAL MODEL FOR A 3D CADASTRE
Right-Volumes in the DBMS 3D Physical Objects in the DBMS Volume Parcels in the DBMS
Maintaining History in the 3D Cadastre Conclusions
REALIZATION OF A 3D CADASTRE Prototypes Applied to Case Studies Prototypes of the Hybrid Cadastre
Prototype of the Full 3D Cadastre
Conclusions
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND FURTHER RESEARCH Analysis of the Background Framework for Modeling 2D and 3D Situations
Models for a 3D Cadastre Realization of a 3D Cadastre Future Directions for a 3D Cadastre Further Research
Main Results of the Research Presented in This Book
Appendix A
Visualizing Attributes in VRML
Appendix B
XSLT Stylesheet to Transform XML to X3D