1989 - Democratic Revolutions at the Cold War's End
A Brief History with Documents

A series of democratic transformations in the 1980s ended the cold war. This volume uses six case studies from the period -- Poland, the Philippines, Chile, South Africa, Ukraine and China -- to explore common characteristics of political change and the differing strategies and views of those who sought to free themselves from dictatorship.

Photographs, document headnotes, a chronology, questions to consider, and a selected bibliography aid students' understanding of this transformative period.

Foreword
Preface
List of Illustrations
PART I: INTRODUCTION: CAUSES, COMPARISONS, AND CONNECTIONS
Origins of an Era
The Contours of a Revolutionary Wave
Whom Were They Fighting?
The Paths Toward Revolution
PART II: THE DOCUMENTS
New Ideas of Democracy and Dissent
Vaclav Havel, The Power of the Powerless, 1978
Wei Jingsheng, The Fifth Modernization: Democracy, December 1978
Desmond Tutu, Change or Illusion?, March 1980
Mehdi Bazargan, Religion and Liberty, 1983
Julieta Kirkwood, Feminism\'s Time, 1983
Aung San Suu Kyi, In Quest of Democracy and Freedom from Fear, 1988-1989
Mikhail Gorbachev, On Socialist Democracy, January 1987
Poland, 1982-1989
The Solidarity Program, October 1981
Adam Michnik, On Resistance, 1982
Waldemar Fydrych, The Revolution of the Elves, June 1987
The Hardest Thing to Overcome Was Our Own Foolishness ..., June 1988
Jacek Kuron, Instead of Revolution, March 8, 1989
The Philippines, 1983-1986
Primer of the \"Justice for Aquino, Justice for All\" Movement, September 1983
Jaime Sin, Guidelines on Christian Conduct During Elections, December 28, 1985
The Civil Disobedience Campaign, February 1986
Ledivina V. Carino, The Revolution of 1986: A Personal Story, 1986
Chile, 1982-1988
Los de Alvear, The Contest, 1982
Sebastian Acevedo, Movement Against Torture, Protest Against El Mercurio, November 21, 1983
Gabriel Valdes, Speech at Democratic Alliance Rally, November 21, 1985
Posters from the \"NO\" Campaign, 1988
South Africa, 1983-1994
African National Congress, On Negotiations, October 9, 1987
United Democratic Front, Ya, The Community Is the Main Source of Power, March 1986
Alison Ozinsky, Purple Reign, September 1989
Nelson Mandela, We Are Committed to Building a Single Nation in Our Country, February 25, 1990
Ukraine, 1987-1991
Vyacheslav Chornovil, Open Letter to Mikhail Gorbachev, 1987
Ukrainian Helsinki Group, Atomic Evil Out of Ukraine!, November 1988
Founding of the Native Language Association, June 13, 1988
Ivan Drach, The Political Situation in the Ukraine and Rukh\'s Task, October 1990
China, 1986-1989
Fang Lizhi, Democracy, Reform, and Modernization, November 18, 1986
Government Representatives Meet with Students, April 29, 1989
Hunger Strikers\' Announcement, May 12, 1989
Chai Ling, I Am Still Alive, June 8, 1989
Appendixes
A Chronology of Democratic Revolutions (1968-1995)
Questions for Consideration
Selected Bibliography
Index